Sunday, 23 August 2015

Sources Used

Bbc.co.uk,. 'BBC - Religion: Shinto'. N.p., 2015. Web. 23 Aug. 2015.

Coleman, Nicholas G. Studies Of Religion Preliminary. 7th ed. Marrickville: Science Press, 2006. Print.

Eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp,. 'Encyclopedia Of Shinto - Home'. N.p., 2015. Web. 23 Aug. 2015.

Patheos.com,. 'Shinto Origins, Shinto History, Shinto Beliefs'. N.p., 2015. Web. 23 Aug. 2015.

Religioustolerance.org,. 'SHINTO'. N.p., 2015. Web. 23 Aug. 2015.

Blog Entry #4 – What would your immediate society around you have looked like and how might this have influenced your meaning and purpose in life?

My Cousin's Wedding
Today I attended my cousins wedding, shown in the lovely photo above, which caused me to think about the way that my society impacts my search for meaning within my faith. Within Shinto, the divine have two aspects, firstly that the kami are transcendent and love and care for human kind. In a philosophical approach, kami are the essence of reality. I find this difficult to wrap my head around sometimes, but kami incredibly important to me as they have a social function as well. Kami are kind to all those who behave ethically and cooperate with one another. Due to this, my society lives harmoniously with one another, ensuring that we do not upset kami. Shinto is also a very accepting faith, in that a number of Shinto adherents are also members of the Buddhist faith. 

Another part of Shinto that impacts my life is that there is no immediate separation between both the natural and the supernatural and the divine and human. Tradition tells us that Japanese people such as me are decedents of kami. There are two types of Shinto, Shrine Shintoism and Sect Shintoism. My family and I are members of Shrine Shintoism, as we practise our devotions at a public shrine, whilst Sect Shintoism is made up of differing groups of adherents. Despite the differences between these groups, we all live in contentment with our lives and search for meaning within the Shinto faith. 

There is no formal code of ethics within my faith, as it is considered immoral to have one informing us of what to do. We are more concerned with our emotional and felt experiences, and these are demonstrated with rituals and rites. Art is incredibly important in our society as it allows us to express our spiritual origin and the nature of our reality. A piece that my mother drew recently is shown below. 

My Mother's Piece of Shinto Art

As a Shintoist, I embrace the natural world and seek the truth through nature, as when truly known and followed, it becomes fulfilling in all areas. My society is in constant awe of our surroundings rather than abiding by a strict moral code and laws. In my personal search for meaning within my faith, I allow my mind to be free and open to the spirit of life and enjoy the experience of being alive. This poem perfectly sums up my belief in Shinto: “Unknown to me what resides here: Tears flow from a sense of unworthiness and gratitude.”

Blog Entry #3 – What major rituals would shape your life?


Today I went to the shrine with my family and began to think about how the rituals within my religion reflect my approach to life. The attitude that I gain from my beliefs underpins many of the structures within my family and my society. It is also apparent in my social life, and personal devotions. My family are devoted adherents, which means that we perform daily rituals, both morning and evening, in front of our ‘kami dana’. I sometimes find this to be tiresome and excessive, but through these practises I know that I am properly seeking to join my ancestors within the kami world. Our family 'kami dana' can be seen below. 

My Families 'Kami Dama'
In Shinto, many people are constantly in acts of private devotion, through the simple act of bowing or prayer, the lighting of votive candles, which represent a wish or desire, or offering food. As my family work within agriculture, we usually offer vegetables and grains. Last year my grandmother passed away, and her funeral was incredibly important. We have ceremonies to mark the various stages of our lives. Some of these include a baby’s first visit to the family shrine, and the ‘Seven-Five-Three’ festival, where girls aged three or seven and boys aged five attend shrines to pray for good health. I remember when I took part within this festival, it was incredibly exciting for both my family and I. 

The 'Seven Five Three' Festival
Originally, our Shinto practises were simplistic, and ceremonies did not require special buildings. Every family that adheres to Shinto, such as mine, has its own kami. The special seasonal festivals within the Shinto faith are February, June, October and December. During these, a portable shrine is carried throughout to ensure that the blessing of kami is present on the entire community. My family and I visit our shrine weekly, and there are a number of rituals that follow. When entering the shrine, it is essential that we wash at the water trough to purify ourselves and then we hang wooden plaques inscribed with prayers on the wall. We then proceed to the inner shrine, where there are many sacred symbols of kami, and we summon these by ringing a bell and making sacrifices of rice or money. 

Our Family Shrine
A boy in my village recently has to undergo harai, were he came in contact with something that we would call pollution, that being an unclean person or thing, blood, sickness or possibly even death. In harai, the person undergoes ritual purification involving fasting, reciting scriptures, self-mortification or another rite. 

Another important aspect within my faith is that there is a spiritual and physical aspect to a human’s nature. Our spirit outlasts our physical death and dwells within the kami world, or not according to our observance of faith. I ensure that I correctly observe the required rituals of Shinto so that I may please kami and live on in their world after death. It is said, “If in one’s heart one is kami, then one becomes a kami.” (Kurozumi Munetada) It is imperative that I remain loyal to my family, ancestors, emperor, country and Shinto beliefs.

Blog Entry #2 – What would the place of magic and superstition have been in your everyday life?


The world that I live in, through my perspective as a Shinto adherent, is full of magic and superstition. Our early writings are filled with stories that detail the conflicts and their respective resolutions at the beginning of the kami world, and I enjoy reading these frequently. In these stories, Amaterasu is the principal deity, and her symbol, the sun, is on our national flag, seen in my photo below. The battle between Susanoo and Amaterasu are included within these Kojiki legends, and embody both the nurturing and destructive aspects of nature. The use of magic within my religion is usually associated with Susanoo.

The Japanese Flag


A particular story that is an important part of Shinto mythology, and one that I know very well is the struggle between the seasons. In this, Susanoo destroys Amaterasu’s sacred rice fields, which causes her to be outraged and shut herself in a cave, depriving humans of sunlight. 8 million kami then gathered outside to bring back the sun through magic and rituals. One of these gifts her a mirror, and she returns back into the world after being attracted to her own reflected light. This can be seen in my drawing below.
 
Amaterasu's Mirror

In my everyday life, however, magic and superstition is interwoven subtly, hidden in prayers and charms, as we do not want to offender kami with extravagant displays of magic. Within our shrines, a mirror representing purity, a sword representing justice and a jewelled necklace representing kindness can be found, known as the three talismans. Amaterasu sent these items to earth to fix things after Susanoo seized Japan. These represent some of our deepest and important morals within Shinto.

Blog Entry #1 – How would you have understood and viewed the world around you?

My Photo of Mount Fujiyama
Today I saw Mount Fujiyama, where I could sense the spiritual presence that it had, as it is considered kami. Within my religion, anything that has the intangible quality that is felt within spiritual truth is kami. This ranges from animals, rivers and seas to forces of nature such as storms and wind. Due to the nature of kami, we can only experience it, not capture it in writings and words. Adherents, such as myself, believe that during the ‘age of kami’, heaven and earth were created after something, along the lines of a heavenly egg, split. Our gods attended this and produced a second generation, who were paired to make brother and sister. The last pair that was made was Izanagi and Izanami created the islands that I live on now, Japan. Our Great Mother Goddess, Amaterasu, the kami of the sun, came into being and so did her brother Susanoo-O-Mikoto, the kami of storms. These two are incredibly important in our Shinto mythology, and are seen in the image below. 

Amaterasu - Kami of the Sun

Susanoo-O-Mikoto - Kami of Storms

From this, my ancestors created two worldviews, the first being that the universe is divided into three categories: the ‘Plain of Heaven’, where the kami live, the human realm called the ‘Middle Land’, where you and I live, and the world after death. The other view that was formed, the one that my family and I believe, is that our realm is an extension of the ‘Perpetual Country’, where the kami remain in tranquillity. I try to live and view my world with harmony and the will of kami, so I will be under the protection of such kami. Due to the spiritual nature of my world, I live in awe of everything that accompanies the mystery of life and I embrace and connect the natural world around me extensively. Subsequently this provides me with a happy and genuine worldview, in which I love the world that I live in.